The article addresses the issue of the permissibility of abortion in Poland, with particular focus on the legal regulations currently in force concerning the risk to the health of the pregnant woman. The study offers an interpretation of the provisions of the Act of 7 January 1993 on Family Planning, Protection of the Human Fetus, and Conditions for the Permissibility of Termination of Pregnancy, taking into account both domestic legal standards and international human rights frameworks. The article also includes statistical data from Poland and selected European countries, analyzed to illustrate the actual needs of women in the area of reproductive health protection. Part of the study is devoted to a comparative legal analysis of the regulations in force in the United Kingdom, with particular attention paid to their interpretation and practical implementation. Furthermore, the article discusses the standards established in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the reproductive rights of women, including the obligations of the state to ensure effective access to lawful healthcare services and to protect against inhuman and degrading treatment. According to the authors, the current legal provisions in Poland – especially those concerning risks to the health of the pregnant woman – constitute a foundation for a relatively broad and lawful practice of abortion. It is argued that this legal ground, similarly to the approach adopted in many other European countries, should be interpreted in accordance with international standards, particularly with reference to the broadly defined mental (...)